History Off the Page

By the summer of 1934, the Nazi Dictatorship was well established. Yet Hitler's control over Germany was not completely secure, due in part to rivalries between the boisterous SA and the German army. To cement his absolute control over German society, he needed to bring both to heel.
This episode explores the "Night of the Long Knives," Hitler's bloody purge of the Nazi Party that took place in June 1934. It explores the positions of the three main actors in the drama - the SA, the Army and the SS, showing how their separate interests led to directly to the conflict. It also reflects on the meaning and consequences of this action, which cemented Hitler's absolute control over not only the German state and the Nazi Party, but also importantly the German Army.
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So far our podcast had provided a broad overview of the Nazi seizure of power. In today's episode, we look more closely at what this experience was like at the local level, focusing on the small German town of Northeim, an idyllic city of 10,000 people located in central Germany. Here, the Nazis grew from an otherwise unremarkable splinter party in 1928 to producing clear electoral majorities by 1932. The episode examines the secrets to the Nazis' meteoric rise at the local level, as well as the failures of the other local parties and institutions to respond to them (again with a focus of local events).
Note: 1) there is a second Patreon-only episode detailing events after 1933, covering the transition to the Nazi dictatorship. 2) The episode draws heavily from William Sheridan Allen's The Nazi Seizure of Power: the Experience of a Single German Town, 1922-1945, which I highly recommend reading.
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For more information on History Off the Page, check out our website www.historyoffthepage.com!   Or you can support the  show via Patreon here: https://www.patreon.com/historyoffthepage?fan_landing=true.

In our second episode on the topic of Gleichschaltung or the "coordination" of German civil society, we explore the responsibility individuals had in the process of conforming to Nazi ideology. Simply put, I argue that while the Nazis did use violence and terror to intimidate Germans into obedience, social forces including economic opportunism and the desire to be "left alone" also led people to submit willingly to totalitarianism. In particular, the episodes explores case studies such as Gustav Krupp (of Krupp industries), the history of German soccer and changing cultural practices such as greeting - each of which illustrates a major reason why people chose submission over their own personal freedom. 
Post script: for those interested in the topic, I highly recommend reading Andrew Stuart Bergerson, Ordinary Germans in Extraordinary Times (2004), which discusses greetings and other cultural ways of normalizing Nazism in greater detail.
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For more information on History Off the Page, check out our website www.historyoffthepage.com!   Or you can support the  show via Patreon here: https://www.patreon.com/historyoffthepage?fan_landing=true.

Many revolutions have resulted in the creation of a dictatorship, of the concentration of all political power in the hands of a single individual or party. But part of what makes the Nazi Revolution so terrifying is the way the Nazis simultaneously conquered civil society, nazifying all social and civic institutions in the span of just five months. 
This episode begins to walk readers through the process of Gleichschaltung or "coordination," which forced all institutions in Germany to nazify themselves or face dissolution. From the boy scouts, to the local Church choir, to your favorite soccer team, essentially all elements of public life began to promote Nazi ideals of politics and race, including the notion of complete submission to Hitler.
In the end, the episode shows how the Nazis began to create a totalitarian society, convincing many otherwise hostile or apathetic Germans to adopt Nazi beliefs about submission to Hitler, anti-Semitism, eugenics and more.
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For more information on History Off the Page, check out our website www.historyoffthepage.com!   Or you can support the  show via Patreon here: https://www.patreon.com/historyoffthepage?fan_landing=true.

One of the hallmarks of a modern democracy is a belief in the importance of the rule of law. The state may be capable of using tremendous violence against its citizenry, but this power is curtailed by a series of rules and regulations that are both rational (i.e., the ability to arrest criminals) and written down so that people know what is allowed and what isn't. As part of their quest for total power, however, the Nazis tried to dispense with these traditional notions, selling the idea that the unrestricted use of violence was a better path towards creating order.
This episode walks the listener through the ways in which the Nazis went 'beyond the law', setting up a system of violence that many Germans actually found reassuring. It focuses on several examples of this phenomenon, including the merger of state and civil institutions, the construction of the concentration camps and the use of protective custody to jail opponents without trial.
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For more information on History Off the Page, check out our website www.historyoffthepage.com!   Or you can support the  show via Patreon here: https://www.patreon.com/historyoffthepage?fan_landing=true.