Let's Learn Everything!

The HaLearnDays are here!! And with it come learning, laughs, and fun facts from us and friends of the show, as well as a few surprise new friends!Images we Talk About:Bat CarryingBristol Stool ChartLego Head DiagramThe Praise the Lord ShowTimestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:08:10) Bats(00:19:45) Livingston's Body(00:25:18) Pi & PIE(00:34:45) Lego Head Passage(00:44:02) Bird Brains(00:56:04) Tomatoes(01:10:35) Alpha-gal(01:16:27) Rice to Riches(01:26:37) Mission Impossible & Backmasking(01:42:29) OutroSupport us with a Max Fun Membership!Join our Discord!We also learn about: As Hank always says: wah wah wah wah wah, it says that I should complain in the script but I like it, Egg nog is just raw eggs right? redacted is such a beautiful name, rock paper scissors video content, drunk bats slur their echolocation, bats carrying bats, weekend at burniesing Livingston, I’d carry any of you for nine months, Pi and PIE from father and son, do you think J and Gretchen got their gifts at the same store? philology, proto-indo-european, the FART of the lego head, Ella’s heart grows 3 times its size for bacronyms, lego heads pass in about 2 days, chickadees growing and shrinking their brain connections, testing bird barcoding in the chickadome, I wish I could delete part of my brain to watch eternal sunshine again, davinci would have made that flying machine earlier if he had red sauce, tomatl is nahuatl not even proto-indo-european, we can all agree tomatoes smell evil, 150 years before tomatos and pasta combined, alphagal syndrome from ticks, once bitten twice allergic, Tom Scott gifts a can of rice pudding for us to open, allegedly LLE is a money laundering scheme, Mission Impossible morse code, the hidden code in LLE’s theme, Edison was the first to notice backmasking, the Eligibles Car Trouble, here’s to my sweet satan, winners don’t do drugs, raise a cup to our sweet satan.Sources:Bats Flying Drunk PaperNYTimes Tomato HistorySmithsonian Mag Tomato HistoryThe Incredible paper: Sixteenth-century tomatoes in Europe: who saw them, what they looked like, and where they came fromRecords of Tomato ReactionsAtlas Obscura Backmasking HistoryMore sources will be added soon!

What are the most EXTREME lifeforms on Earth, and how are they surprisingly important to study? And what is the long yet recent history of astrology, and why do we reach for it?Things we Talk About:The Seal StreamSea lion runningPaper Clipping: Female AstrologerPaper Clipping: Suffragette BooksPaper Clipping: WW2 and AstrologyPaper Clipping: Pimms AdTimestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:04:23) Extremophiles(00:57:55) Astrology(01:43:59) OutroSupport us with a Max Fun Membership!Join our Discord!We also learn about: We’ve put tardigrades through every red bull task imaginable but they’re NOT extremophiles, extremotolerant vs extremophiles that thrive, thermophiles at 122 celsius, anglophiles, what would it suck to experience, psychrophiles, acidophiles and alkaliphiles, hypobarophiles experiencing 500x our pressure, oligatroph, polyextromophiles, life has found a way in so many extreme places, the chernobyl black mold, not just growing towards radiation but eating Hot Particles, fungi have survived harsh radiation in the Earth’s past, melanin lets the fungi handle and perceive radiation safely, it’s similar to photosynthesis though in the same way a tsunami is similar to a glass of water, conan the bacterium can live inside nuclear reactors, DNA redundancy, krill that makes antifreeze proteins, osmoconfromers, acidophile taken to a lab and finally thriving at .7 ph, it’s also hard as hell to capture and study and keep these extremophiles alive, extremophiles gave us PCR, we also us extremophile e coli, bioremediation is what I took when I failed bio and was tutored by an extremophile, we have so much to do-actually that was pretty funny, bioplastics, what extreomophiles teach us about astrobiology, letting some bacteria chill on the outside of the ISS for 3 years, damn girl you’re making me re-evaluate the limits of life, our nuanced and conflicting feeling on astrology, yay we get to read our horoscopes- wait fuck why am I happy about that? babylonian horoscopes, star charts for things like seasons actually were right, the Enuma Anu Enlil collection of omens, what’s your mother’s maiden name and pincode horoscope,  the legacy of the endless pig, uh oh we’re having fun talking about horoscopes, medieval astrology in the royal court and the sciences, before we knew about the earth going around the sun the stars explained the seasons, in the 1700s astrology was seen as a sham, of course royal watching tabloids bring about astrology 2.0, scraping the bottom of the barrel for anything to say about princess margaret, globe conflict 2 electric boogaloo, a pims advert is a rich text, the horoscope test, god the people yearn for therapy, the barnum effect, zodiacs are part of our culture - so something to connect with, the correlation of uncertainty and horoscope popularity, how to manage uncertainty without horoscopes, video games offer a structure and challenge and reward that can help people cope with hard times.Sources:NOAA: What is an Extremophile?Life: Extremeophiles and Extreme EnvironmentsNature: Life in Extreme EnvironmentsPMC: Genomics of an extreme psychrophile, Psychromonas ingrahamiiThe Biologist: Eating Gamme Rays for BreakfastResearch Gate: A Case Study of Strains Inhabiting Chernobyl Reactor No. 4Chemical Communications: : The Incredible Cell Membrane Adaptations of Extremophiles to Harsh EnvironmentsLife: Extremophiles and Extremophilic BehaviourBiotechnology Advances: Structural Features of ThermozynesScience: Conan the BateriumMicrobiology and Molecular Biology Reviews: Oxidative Stress Resistance in Deinococcus radioduransPolar Biology: Cold Resistance the Krill Euphausia superbaExtremophiles: Picrophilus oshimaeLife: Biotechniological Applications of Extremophile ResearchWiki: Thermos aquaticusFrontiers in Microbiology: DNA Polymerases as Useful Reagents for BiotechnologyPNAS: Microbial Growth at Hyperaccelerations up to 403,627 × gFrontiers in Microbiology: Extremophiles and the Limits of Life in a Planetary ContextJournal of Indian Institute of Science: Bioprospecting Extremophiles for AstrobiologyNASA: AstrobiologyFrontiers in Microbiology: DNA Damage and Survival Time Course of Deinococcal Cell Pellets During 3 Years of Exposure to Outer SpaceNew Scientist: Radiation Resistant Bacteria Could Survive Journey From Earth to Mars---2013 Paper: The Solar Eclipse Omen Texts from Enūma Anu EnlilNational Geographic: History of HorocopesMy Modern Met: Mystical History of AstrologyBritish Newspaper Archive BBC: Who Actually Writes Horoscopes2020 Paper: The Man Behind the Horoscope Column- R H Naylor2005 Paper: A History of Astrology Part I: Origins to the RomansThe Guardian: How Astrology Paved the Way for Predictive AnalyticsBBC: Is Astrology Backed By Science?2022: Even The Stars Think That I Am SuperiorBBC: Is There Any Science in Astrology?Scientific American: Is Astrology Real? Here’s What Science SaysMcGill University: How Astrology Escaped the Pull of ScienceBBC: The Anxieties and Apps Fuelling the Astrology Boom

http://www.LetsLearnEverything.com/qIt's time to submit your questions for our annual Q&A episode!

What, when, where, why, and how... do we sneeze? There's a surprising amount of mystery to the thing we do all the time, and a lot to learn about! And how many parables and metaphors that we use are actually true? Let's actually dig in to the research and bust some myths!! I mean... break some... falsehoods!!Images we Talk About:The Rat DiagramCaseidsDiplodocus BonesPlane DiagramMoai WalkingTimestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:03:26) Sneezing(00:57:55) Parable Mythbusters(01:43:59) OutroSupport us with a Max Fun Membership!Join our Discord!We also learn about: Caroline was inspired by being sick,  theories of sneezing, sneezing in the odyssey, Aristotle said burping and farting are not divine, 25 sextillion molecules in every breath, it’s a wonder we’re not sneezing all the time, sneezing only goes to your brain stem, a sneeze can send particles 8 meters, what ion channel? last year we made sneezless mice, le petite mort and le petit orgasm, the incredible mid-sneeze mouse diagram, we’re gonna talk about - ghoooosts, A.C.H.O.O or the photic sneeze reflex, our explanations for sneezing reflect our understanding of science at the time, snatiation, S.N.A.T.I.A.T.I.O.N, sneezing from getting horny, pee chills, a sneeze is just a more obvious indicator that wires get crossed, diagnostic sneeze testing, finding the first sneezing animal, the earliest diaphgram, chickens sneeze, African wild dogs voting by sneeze, dolphins chuffing, bugs aren’t part of the sneeze club, unlike the mythbusters we won’t be blowing up cars, okay maybe a few, if you put a frog into boiling water it won’t jump out it will die, boiling frogs in search of the soul, the climate change metaphor works for brain dead leaders, the survivorship bias meme plane, the image is fictitious but Abraham Wald is even cooler, America’s Bletchley - The Statistical Research Group, some people believe the heads had bodies, oh my god they did, the walking Moai, the deforestation happened before the people, invasive rats without a natural predator, pretending we’re surprised about colonialism being the culprit, we didn’t need to do carbon dating to find some of these answers guys.Sources:1990 Paper: The History of Sneezing2013 Paper: The Omen of Sneezing2009 Paper: Sneeze reflex: Facts and fictionSmithsonian: Why Do We Sneeze?National Geographic: The Air You Breathe Is Full of SurprisesWiki: Sneeze2025 Paper: The Sneeze Reflex in Physiological and Pathological states: a mini review2024 Paper: Mouse Sneezing StudyNature: Cough or sneeze? How the brain knows what to unleashScientific American: Looking at the Sun Can Trigger a Sneeze2010 Paper: When the Sun Prickles Your Nose: An EEG Study Identifying Neural Bases of Photic SneezingScienceLine: Why Do People Sneeze When They Look at the Sun?OMIM: Gastric Sneezing2009 Paper: Arousal and Sneezing2017 Article: An Ancient Origin for the Diaphragm2022 Paper: Lung Evolution in Vertebrates and the Water-to-Land TransitionNational Geographic: Animal SneezingNational Geographic: African Wild Dogs Vote by SneezeOceanbites: Sneeze, Cough, Chuff: Respiratory Irritation in DolphinsNatural History Museum: HagfishesSmithsonian: 14 Fun Facts About HagfishSci-Show- Aquatic Sneezing2022 Paper: Sponges Sneeze2022 Paper: Dinosaur SicknessNational Geographic: First Dinosaur Found with a Respiratory Disease---Atlantic on The Boiling FrogKnow Your Meme: Survivorship Bias PlaneCameron Moll Blog Post about Original DrawingAbraham Wald's Plane Statistic MemorandumTerry Hunt's Incredible "Rethinking the Fall of Easter Island"The Walking Moai Paper

How have animals adapted to the digging lifestyle, and can that help us explain the Devil's Corkscrew? And what are the various ways movies can be censored across the world, and what does that tell us about the world itself?Images we Talk About:The Devil's CorkscrewMole Skeleton ComparisonMole Digging VideoMonitor Lizard BurrowMonitor Lizard BurrowsTimestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:02:30) Fossoriality(00:52:58) Movie Censorship(01:36:53) OutroSupport us with a Max Fun Membership!Join our Discord!We also learn about: Daemonelix or the Devil’s Corkscrew, well Tom I hope one of your facts beats Ella’s giant sloth fact, only nerds know the word fossorial, why dig is easy - how dig is harder, mole skeletons are hyper specialized, moles are herd to catch and keep, I dig holes for me, is that couscous? the silica gel of pasta, x-ray videos of moles digging in couscous, devil’s corkscrew deja vu, first and deepest lizard burough, one of the most stable egg environments for an 8 month incubation, it turns out helixes are more common than we thought, Put! Lizards! In! Couscous! Peter Jackson’s braindead, video nastys, wow blaming media for crime we’ve never heard that before, video nastys were an easy ban because politicans didnt care about them, a microcosm of the moral panics of the time, the military entertainment complex, the US doesn’t have any outright movie bans… but they do have the hayes code, self censorship, no picture show lower the moral standard of those who see it, the commercial influence on self censorship, charlie shackleton’s paint drying film, poilitical movie bans reflect real alliances and tensions, denmark’s only ever banned the disney skeleton dance, Denmark’s freedom of speech is what the US thinks it is, don’t be mean to the military uwu, only 34 foreign films can be shown in china every year, the censorship is coming from inside the house, a Bohemian Rhapsody without mention of sexuality, Tilda Swinton played an asian character to get around mentioning Tibet, World War Z was changed even though it never aired in China, why are you making me defend these bad movies, censorship is as strong as the weakest link in the chain that’s profitable, “it’s all just crazy and some food for thought, thank youuu”Sources:NPCA on the Devil's CorkscrewSmithsonian Mag Devil's CorkscrewMole Forlimb MorphologyMole Senses PaperFossorial Ventilatory ResponseMole Rat Lung Comparison PaperNWF Mole FactsNYTimes Mole MotionYi Fen Lin Mole Walking PaperYi Fen Lin Mole Burrowing PaperDeep Nesting in a Lizard: Deja Vu Devil's Corkscrew: First Helical Reptile Burrow and Deepest Vertebrate Nest.Helical Burrows Across the Animal Kingdom Paper---BBFC: Video NastiesWiki: Video NastyBFI: Unspooling the Video NastiesWiki: Film Censorship in the United StatesGuardian: Top Gun for HireWiki: List of films banned in the United StatesScreen Online: Hayes CodeVice: Why I’m Making British Film Censors Watch Paint DryWiki: Paint DryingWiki: List of Banned FilmsBBC: Cambodia Bans Thai MoviesBBC: Russia Bans Death of StalinReuters: Lightyear BannedWiki: The Skeleton DanceEBSCO: History of Censorship in DenmarkEnglish Translation of the Danish ConstitutionWiki: Denmark Motion Picture Content Rating SystemVariety: Foreign Titles Squeezed in China Film MarketHarvard: Disney censorship in ChinaPen: Made in Hollywood, Censored by Beijing