In 2021, a breakthrough in sanitation technology â developed under the Gates Foundationâs âReinvent the Toiletâ challenge â stood ready for commercialization. The Single User Reinvented Toilet (SURT) offered an off-grid, self-contained system capable of processing waste, generating water, and reducing environmental impact. Turning this technical success into a viable product, however, meant confronting intertwined challenges around behavior change, infrastructure compatibility, financing models, and stakeholder incentives. Harvard Business School Assistant Professor Maria Roche and SURT engineer Dr. Shannon Yee join Brian Kenny to discuss the case âToilets for the Underserved: The SURT Commercialization Challengeâ and the central question of how to launch and then scale a technology particularly important for underserved markets, but not a lucrative short term investment opportunity.